目的 研究全国不同产地的栀子种子内生真菌的情况,鉴定种子表面和内部所携带的菌种,并比较不同杀菌剂对种子的杀毒处理效果,为栀子种子播种前抑菌处理和真菌病害防治提供依据。方法 采用平皿测定方法对全国15个产地的栀子种子进行表面和内部带菌检测,用拌种法对种子进行处理并测定6种杀菌剂对种子的消毒处理效果。结果 种子表面携带的主要菌群为镰刀属(Fusarius spp)、毛霉属(Mucor spp)、青霉属(Penicillium spp)、曲霉属(Aspergillus spp)、根霉属(Rhizopus spp),青霉属和曲霉属为优势菌属,产地间差异不显著,但分离频率差异显著;孢子负荷量为(6.7±11.5)孢子/粒种子~(1 333.3±230.1)孢子/粒种子,产地之间差异显著。种子内部内生的真菌主要为曲霉属、青霉属、毛霉属和根霉属等,带菌差异明显,为(1.7±2.9)%~(58.3±17.6)%,不同产地之间的带菌率、真菌种类差异显著,曲霉属的分离频率最高。结论 供试的6种杀菌剂对栀子种子真菌均有一定的杀灭和抑制作用,其中多·福和多菌灵的杀菌效果较差,福·福锌和NFDE6霜·锰锌的杀菌效果最佳,可以达到95.0%以上,建议选择其作为栀子种子药剂消毒处理实现抑制菌类的药剂。

OBJECTIVE To study the endophytic fungi in the seeds of Gardenia from different regions, identy the strains carried by the seed surface and interior, and compare the treatment effects of different fungicides, to provide reference for the antibacterial treatment before gardenia seed sowing and fungal disease control. METHODS Plate method was used for the surface and internal detection of Gardenia seeds from 15 countries in China, method of seed dressing was used for seed treatment and disinfection effects of 6 kinds of fungicides is done. RESULTS Main flora in surface of the seed are genus Fusarium, Mucor, Penicillium, Aspergillus and Rhizopus, Penicillium and Aspergillus are the dominant species. There is no significant difference in this 5 species of the seeds from different places, but significant difference in isolation frequency. Load capacity of the spore range from (6.7 ± 11.5) to (1 333.3 ± 230.1) per seed .There is significant difference in spore load from different places. Endophytic fungi inside the seeds are mainly Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor, Rhizopus and etc. There is significant difference in seeds of these fungi, it ranges from (1.7±2.9)% to (58.3±17.6)%. Carrier rate and species of fungal among different habitats are significantly different, discrete frequency of Aspergillus is the highest. CONCLUSION The six antiseptics provided all have kill and inhibition to Gardenia seed fungus in some extent. Bactericidal effects of carbendazim fernasan and carbendazim are the poorest, and fernasan ziram and oxadixyl mancozeb and evil frost are the best, which can achieve above 95.0%. Suggestion is made to choose fernasan ziram and oxadixyl mancozeb as inhibiting fungus agents of Gardenia seed disinfection treatment.